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    бшйшъ озгм обзп дщоп боерйеъ рйе йешч, щръ 1996- фешсн бочеш б-consumer reports july 1996, бтоег 10.

    The Surprising Truth About Motor Oils
    A Mobil commercial claims its oil "has been in more Indy 500 winners than any other oil." Quaker State shows an engine with a terminally corroded inside ---- what they imply could happen when you use another oil. Exxon's commercial for its Superflo oil urges motorists to "rely on the tiger."

    Oil companies spend millions of advertising dollars each year to convince you that their oil can make your car's engine perform better and last longer. And purveyors of motor oil and engine "treatments" assert that their products offer engine protection that oil alone can't provide. In our most ambitious test project ever, we set out to discover whether such claims are fact or fancy.

    One way to gauge the performance of motor oils is to test them on the road. We did just that, using a fleet of 75 New York City taxicabs. Indeed, the oil industry itself tests its oils in New York City taxis.

    For 22 months, we tested the performance of 20 popular motor oils. Each of those oils met the industry's latest standards, as certified by a starburst symbol on the container. (See "It's not just oil," page 14.) We also tested Slick 50 Engine Treatment and STP Engine and Oil Treatments.

    In addition to the taxicab tests, we had the oils' chemical and physical properties analyzed by an independent lab. We also surveyed our subscribers about their oil changing experiences and preferences, and we sent shoppers to quick lube centers across the country to assess the service (see page 17.) Finally, because changing the oil is just one part of car care, we've reviewed some other ways you can help keep your car running longer. That report begins on page 18.

    Testing the oils
    We put identical rebuilt engines with precisely measured parts into the cabs at the beginning of the test, and we changed their oil every 6000 miles. That's about twice as long as the automakers recommend for the severe service that taxicabs see, but we chose that interval to accelerate the test results and provide worst-case conditions. After 60,000 miles, we disassembled each engine and checked for wear and harmful deposits.

    Our test conditions were grueling, to say the least. The typical Big Apple cab is driven day and night, in traffic that is legendary for its perversity, by cabbies who are just as legendary for their driving abandon.

    When the cabs aren't on the go, they're typically standing at curbside with the engine idling ---- far tougher on motor oil than highway driving. What's more, the cabs accumulate lots of miles very quickly making them ideal for our purposes. Big-city cabs don't see many cold start-ups or long periods of highspeed driving in extreme heat. But our test results relate to the most common type of severe service ---- stop-and-go city driving.

    Each of the 20 oils we studied was tested in three cabs to provide meaningful test results even if a few cabs fell out with mechanical problems or because of accidents. (Six of the 75 engines did, in fact, have problems, none apparently related to the oil's performance.) For a detailed description of our test procedures, see "Testing in the Big Apple," page 12.

    Our shoppers all across the country bought hundreds of quart containers of oil. Some brands had slightly different formulations in different areas, but all the oils included a full package of additives.

    The independent lab helped us identify the most representative formulations of each brand. Our engineers transferred containers of that oil to coded 55-gallon drums and hauled them to the fleet garage for testing.

    Ideally, oil should be thin enough to flow easily when the engine is cold and remain thick enough to protect the engine when it's hot. The lab analyses of each oil's viscosity characteristics ---- its ability to flow ---- indicate that motor oils have improved since 1987, when we last tested them. This time, far fewer test samples failed to meet the viscosity standards for their grade ---- and those were typically outside the limits by only a slight amount. No brand stood out as having a significant problem.

    We tested oils of the two most commonly recommended viscosity grades - ---- 10W-30 and 5W-30. Automakers specify grades according to the temperature range expected over the oil-change period. The lower the number, the thinner the oil and the more easily it flows.

    In 5W-30 oil, for example, the two numbers mean it's a "multiviscosity" or "multigrade" oil that's effective over a range of temperatures. The first number, 5, is an index that refers to how the oil flows at low temperatures. The second number, 30, refers to how it flows at high temperatures. The W designation means the oil can be used in winter.

    A popular belief is that 5W-30 oils, despite their designation, are too thin to protect vital engine parts when they get hot. However, one of our laboratory tests measured the viscosity of oils under high-temperature, high-stress conditions and found essentially no difference between 5W-30 oils and their 10W-30 brand mates. But at low temperatures, the 5W-30 oil flowed more easily.

    Viscosity grade is important, so be careful. Recommendations vary with the make, engine, and model year of the car, so check your owner's manual and ask the mechanic for the proper grade of oil.

    Of the 20 oils we tested, nine were conventional 10W-30 oils, and eight were 5W-30. We also tested two synthetic oils, Mobil 1 and Pennzoil Performax, and one synthetic-and-conventional blend, Valvoline Dura-Blend; all three were 10W-30 oils.

    No Brand Performed Best
    If you've been loyal to one brand, you may be surprised to learn that every oil we tested was good at doing what motor oil is supposed to do. More extensive tests, under other driving conditions, might have revealed minor differences. But thorough statistical analysis of our data showed no brand ---- not even the expensive synthetics ---- to be meaningfully better or worse in our tests.

    - - - Updated - - -

    дощк:

    After each engine ran about 60,000 miles (and through 10 months of seasonal changes), we disassembled it and measured the wear on the camshaft, valvefters, and connecting-rod bearings. We used a tool precise to within 0.00001 inch to measure wear on the key surfaces of the camshaft, and a tool precise to within 0.0001 inch on the valve lifters. The combined wear for both parts averaged only 0.0026 inch, about the thickness of this page. Generally, we noted as much variation between engines using the same oil as between those using different oils. Even the engines with the most wear didn't reach a level where we could detect operational problems.

    We measured wear on connectingrod bearings by weighing them to the nearest 0.0001 gram. Wear on the key surface of each bearing averaged 0.240 gram ---- about the weight of seven staples. Again, all the tested oils provided adequate protection.

    Our engineers also used industry methods to evaluate sludge and varnish deposits in the engine. Sludge is a mucky sediment that can prevent oil from circulating freely and make the engine run hotter. Varnish is a hard deposit that would remain on engine parts if you wiped off the sludge. It can make moving parts stick.

    All the oils proved excellent at preventing sludge. At least part of the reason may be that sludge is more apt to form during cold startups and short trips, and the cabs were rarely out of service long enough for their engine to get cold. Even so, the accumulations in our engines were so light that we wouldn't expect sludge to be a problem with any of these oils under most conditions.

    Variations in the buildup of varnish may have been due to differences in operating temperature and not to the oils. Some varnish deposits were heavy enough to lead to problems eventually, but no brand consistently produced more varnish than any other.

    The bottom line. In our tests, brand didn't matter much as long as the oil carried the industry's starburst symbol (see "It's not just oil," page 14.) Beware of oils without the starburst; they may lack the full complement of additives needed to keep modern engines running reliably.

    One distinction: According to the laboratory tests, Mobil 1 and Pennzoil Performax synthetics flow exceptionally easily at low temperatures ---- a condition our taxi tests didn't simulate effectively. They also had the highest viscosity under high-temperature, high-stress conditions, when a thick oil protects the engine. Thus, these oils may be a good choice for hard driving in extreme temperatures.

    Note, too, that a few automakers recommend specific brands of motor oil in the owner's manual. You may need to follow those recommendations to keep a new car in warranty.

    Oil changes: How often?
    The long-time mantra of auto mechanics has been to change your oil every 3000 miles. Most automakers recommend an oil change every 7500 miles (and a specific time interval) for "normal" driving, and every 3000 miles for "severe" driving ---- frequent trips of less than four or five miles, stop-and-go traffic, extended idling, towing a trailer, or dusty or extremely cold conditions. Many motorists' driving falls into one or more of those "severe" categories.

    In our survey, almost two-thirds of our readers said they had their oil changed every 3000 miles or less. They may be following the thinking expressed by one of our staffers: "I have my oil changed every 3000 miles because that's what my father did, and all his cars lasted for many years."

    To determine whether frequent oil changes really help, we changed the oil in three cabs every 3000 miles, using Pennzoil 10W-30. After 60,000 miles, we compared those engines with the engines from our base tests of the same oil, changed every 6000 miles. We saw no meaningful differences.

    When Mobil 1 synthetic oil came out, Mobil presented it as an oil that, while expensive, could go 25,000 miles between changes. That claim is no longer being made. But Mobil 1 is still on the market, selling at a premium (along with pricey synthetic competitors from several other companies). And synthetic oil's residual reputation as a long-lasting product may still prompt some people to stretch their oil changes longer than the automaker recommends.

    Determining whether synthetic oils last longer than conventional ones would require a separate test project. To try to get some indication, we put Mobil 1 synthetic into three cabs and changed their oil every 12,000 miles. We intended to compare the results of these tests with those from the three taxicabs whose Mobil 1 was changed at our normal interval, every 6000 miles. Unfortunately, two of the three engines using the 12,000-mile interval developed problems. (We couldn't attribute those problems to the oil.) The third engine fared no worse than the three whose oil had been changed at 6000-mile intervals.

    The bottom line. Modern motor oils needn't be changed as often as oils did years ago. More frequent oil changes won't hurt your car, but you could be spending money unnecessarily and adding to the nation's energy and oil-disposal problems.

    Even in the severe driving conditions that a New York City taxi endures, we noted no benefit from changing the oil every 3000 miles rather than eve

    Determining whether synthetic oils last longer than conventional ones would require a separate test project. To try to get some indication, we put Mobil 1 synthetic into three cabs and changed their oil every 12,000 miles. We intended to compare the results of these tests with those from the three taxicabs whose Mobil 1 was changed at our normal interval, every 6000 miles. Unfortunately, two of the three engines using the 12,000-mile interval developed problems. (We couldn't attribute those problems to the oil.) The third engine fared no worse than the three whose oil had been changed at 6000-mile intervals.

    The bottom line. Modern motor oils needn't be changed as often as oils did years ago. More frequent oil changes won't hurt your car, but you could be spending money unnecessarily and adding to the nation's energy and oil-disposal problems.

    Even in the severe driving conditions that a New York City taxi endures, we noted no benefit from changing the oil every 3000 miles rather than f your driving falls into the "normal" service category, changing the oil every 7500 miles (or at the automaker's suggested intervals) should certainly provide adequate protection. (We recommend changing the oil filter with each oil change.)

    We don't recommend leaving any oil, synthetic or regular, in an engine for 12,000 miles, because accumulating contaminants ---- solids, acids, fuel, and water ---- could eventually harm the engine. What's more, stretching the oil-change interval may void the warranty on most new cars.

    Testing Slick 50 and STP
    We also tested Slick 50 and STP Engine Treatments and STP Oil Treatment, each in three cabs. (Slick 50 costs $17.79 per container; STP Engine Treatment has been discontinued.) All three boast that they reduce engine friction and wear.

    The engine treatments are added with the oil (we used Pennzoil 10W-30). They claim they bond to engine parts and provide protection for 25,000 miles or more. We used each according to instructions.

    The STP Oil Treatment is supposed to be added with each oil change. It comes in one formulation (black bottle, $4.32) for cars with up to 36,000 miles, another (blue bottle, $3.17) for cars that have more than 36,000 miles or are more than four years old. We used the first version for the first 36,000 miles, the second for the rest of the test ---- again, with Pennzoil 10W-30.

    When we disassembled the engines and checked for wear and deposits, we found no discernible benefits from any of these products.

    The bottom line: We see little reason why anyone using one of today's high-quality motor oils would need these engine/oil treatments. One notable effect of STP Oil Treatment was an increase in oil viscosity; it made our 10W-30 oil act more like a 15W-40, a grade not often recommended. In very cold weather, that might pose a risk of engine damage.

    Recommendations
    None of the tested oils proved better than the others in our tests. There may be small differences that our tests didn't reveal, but unless you typically drive under more severe conditions than a New York cab does, you won't go wrong if you shop strictly by price or availability. Buy the viscosity grade recommended in your owner's manual, and look for the starburst emblem. Even the expensive synthetics (typically, $3 or $4 a quart) worked no better than conventional motor oils in our taxi tests, but they're worth considering for extreme driving conditions ---- high ambient temperatures and high engine load or very cold temperatures.

    On the basis of our test results, we think that the commonly recommended 3000-mile oil-change interval is conservative. For "normal" service, 7500-mile intervals (or the recommendation in your owner's manual) should be fine. Change the oil at least that often to protect your engine and maintain your warranty. Even for the severe service experiened by the taxis in our tests, a 6000-mile interval was adequate. But some severe service ---- frequent cold starts and short trips, dusty conditions, trailer towing ---- may require a shorter interval. Note, too, that special engines such as diesels and turbos, which we didn't test, may need more frequent oil changes.

    We don't recommend stretching the change interval beyond the automaker's recommendations, no matter what oil you use. Engine combustion contaminants could eventually build up and harm engine parts.

    As for STP Oil Treatment, STP Engine Treatment, and Slick 50 Engine Treatment, our advice is simple: If you use an oil with the starburst symbol, you don't need them.

    - - - Updated - - -

    дощк :

    Testing in the Big Apple
    New York City taxicabs played a key role in our massive test project to evaluate motor oils. For consistency, we used only 1992-93 Chevrolet Caprice cabs. Each received a precisely rebuilt 4.3-liter V6 at the beginning of its 60,000-mile test. We started with six rebuilt engines; after each engine was installed in a cab, the six engines that were removed were rebuilt and installed in six other cabs ---- and so on. Using that rotation, we monitored 75 cabs over 4.5 million miles of driving in New York City and its environs. Each oil was tested in three engines.

    A local shop completely machined each engine block and crankshaft, rebuilt the cylinder heads, and installed new bearings, pistons, rings, seals, gaskets, and oil pump. Though the engines originally had roller lifters and camshafts, a design that reduces friction, we installed conventional sliding lifters and camshafts to accelerate wear.

    Before the engines were assembled, we measured or weighed the parts most likely to show wear if the oil wasn't doing its job ---- the camshafts, valve lifters, and connecting-rod bearings. Each cab went through a break-in procedure before hitting the road. During testing, two engine timers measured the time the engine was running and the time it was in gear.

    Over the next 22 months, our engineers paid more than 100 calls ---- usually without notice ---- on the fleet garage. They dropped off test oil and picked up used-oil samples for ongoing analysis. They also made sure that oil was being added to the engines when necessary and changed as scheduled.

    After each 60,000-mile test, we remeasured the key engine parts. We also examined combustion-chamber deposits, the color of the valves, scoring of cylinder walls, and valvedeck deposits for any sign of engine problems.

    (reference to 'description of standards and symbols on page 14' shown below - Ed.)

    It's not just oil
    Certainly, motor oil is slippery. That's what helps protect an engine's moving parts. But motor oil does much more than lubricate. It helps cool the engine, keep it clean, prevent corrosion, and reduce friction to improve fuel economy To do all that refiners blend in various additives, which account for 10 to 25 percent of the product you buy.

    The oil industry has devised a starburst symbol to certify that a particular motor oil meets the latest industry requirements for protection against deposits, wear, oxidation, and corrosion. The starburst on the label means the oil meets API (American Petroleum Institute) Service SH requirements-the latest most advanced formulation. (Service SH supplants SG the previous top category.) The CD designation on most of the oils we tested refers to diesel performance. The starburst also indicates that the oil passes ILSAC/GF-1 standards developed by the International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee, a U.S.-Japanese group. And it means the oil meets Energy Conserving II requirements---- it improves fuel economy by reducing engine friction. All the oils we tested carry the starburst-and all performed well in our test. But note that oils without that symbol may not perform as well.

    (Below -Ed.) are some of the additives found in modern oils.

    Viscosity-index improvers modify the oil so its viscosity is more consistent over a wide temperature range.

    Antioxidants prevent the oil from thickening when it runs hot for extended periods.

    Dispersants keep contaminants suspended so they don't form deposits in engine.

    Detergents help prevent varnish and sludge on engine parts and neutralize acid formed in engine.

    Rust and corrosion inhibitors protect metal parts from acids and water formed in engine.

    Pour-point depressants help the oil flow in a cold engine, especially in cold weather.

    Friction modifiers strengthen the oil film and prevent unlubricated contact between moving parts.

    Foam inhibitors collapse the bubbles churned up by engine crankshaft. (Foam reduces lubricating effectiveness.)

    Antiwear agents provide lubrication when oil is squeezed out from between moving engine parts.

    Ratings & Recommendations
    Shopping strategy
    Discount stores are generally the least expensive place to buy oil. Look for sales and buy by price ---- but make sure the container has the starburst symbol.

    Details (listed alphabetically)

    All the tested oils performed well in our tests, and all claim to meet the latest (API-SH and ILSAC/GF-1) industry standards (see "It's not just oil," (above - Ed.)). Prices are the average for one quart, based on a national survey of discount stores.

    5W-30 oils
    Castrol GTX $1.21
    Appears to use same formulation in all areas sampled. Graduated container.

    Exxon Superflo
    Price not available; not widely found in discount stores. Appears to use same formulation in all areas sampled. Graduated container with window.

    Fire & Ice All-Season (Shell) * $0.93
    Different formulations in Florida and New York. Graduated container with window.

    Havoline Formula 3 (Texaco) $1.11
    Appears to use same formulation in all areas sampled. Graduated container with window.

    Mobil * $0.95 Appears to use same formulation in all areas sampled. Graduated container with window.

    Pennzoil $1.16
    Appears to use same formulation in all areas sampled. Graduated container.

    Quaker State Deluxe * $1.20
    Appears to use same formulation in all areas sampled. Graduated container with window. 10W-30 is called Super Blend.

    Valvoline All-Climate $1.14
    Different formulations in California and Texas. Graduated container with window.

    10W-30 oils
    Castol GTX $1.18
    Appears to use same formulation in all areas sampled. Graduated container.

    Exxon Superflo $1.13
    Different formulation in Florida. Graduated container with window.

    Fire & Ice All-Season (Shell) * $0.99
    Appears to use same formulation in all areas sampled. Graduated container with window.

    Havoline Formula 3 (Texaco) * $1.13
    Different formulations in Illinois and Texas. Graduated container with window.

    Kendall Superb 100 * $1.23
    Different formulation in Florida. 5W-30 version not tested.

    Mobil 1 synthetic $3.76
    Low-temperature flow characteristics were better than most. Appears to use same formulation in all areas sampled. 5W-30 version not tested. Graduated container with window.

    Mobil $0.95
    Different formulation in New York. Graduated container with window.

    Pennzoil $1.16
    Appears to use same formulation in all areas sampled. Graduated container.

    Pennzoil Performax synthetic $2.97
    Low-temperature flow characteristics were better than most. No 5W-30 version. Appears to use the same formulation in all areas sampled.

    Quaker State Super Blend * $1.20
    Appears to use same formulation in all areas sampled. Graduated container with window. 5W-30 is called Deluxe.

    Valvoline All-Climate $1.13
    Different formulation in California. Graduated container with window.

    Valvoline Semi-Synthetic DuraBlend conventionl/synthetic blend * $2.12
    Appears to use same formulation in all areas sampled. Graduated container with window. No 5W-30 version. Flow characteristics were more like those of a conventional oil than those of a synthetic.

    * - One or more samples differed from viscosity-grade requirement by a small amount.

  2. #2

    бшйшъ озгм ъвебд: обзп дщоп боерйеъ рйе йешч, щръ 1996- фешсн бочеш б-consumer reports july 1996, бтоег 10.

    бчйцеш, щоп щм аошйчп айвм щозмйфйн фтн бщръййн йвшен маеъе бмай лое щоп щм чсишем щоезму лм зцй щрд. еъесфйн жд тбегд бтйрййн.


    Sent from my iPhone using Tapatalk

  3. #3
    ордм фешен asafk's Avatar
    ъашйк дцишфеъ
    Dec 2002
    дегтеъ
    33,862

    бшйшъ озгм ъвебд: обзп дщоп боерйеъ рйе йешч, щръ 1996- фешсн бочеш б-consumer reports july 1996, бтоег 10.

    дчйцеш деа щоретйн аошйчайн ощреъ д80 еъзймъ д 90 - ма ощрд од ътщд айън - ай афщш мдшев.

    асу.
    "scars are tattoos with better stories"
    айп ълрйъ. зййн. рчегд.
    дчофш - VW TYPE 2 1978 | диргш - дйймчс 2008

  4. #4
    ордм фешен рошег's Avatar
    ъашйк дцишфеъ
    Dec 2002
    ойчен
    точ йжштам
    дегтеъ
    33,894

    бшйшъ озгм ъвебд: обзп дщоп боерйеъ рйе йешч, щръ 1996- фешсн бочеш б-consumer reports july 1996, бтоег 10.

    адег щйн чйщеш мочеш.
    айерйч 5 | в'йф CJ-7 1979 | дйймчс 2015
    дйе: в'йф XJ ц'шечй 1994| дйймчс 2008| дйймчс 1997 | в'йф CJ-8 1989 | соешай 1988

  5. #5
    збш шщен
    ъашйк дцишфеъ
    Jul 2011
    ойчен
    йтш ъ"ч дфшсаеъ
    дегтеъ
    598

    бшйшъ озгм ъвебд: обзп дщоп боерйеъ рйе йешч, щръ 1996- фешсн бочеш б-consumer reports july 1996, бтоег 10.

    цйиеи рлъб бочеш тм йгй asafk цфйд бдегтд
    дчйцеш деа щоретйн аошйчайн ощреъ д80 еъзймъ д 90 - ма ощрд од ътщд айън - ай афщш мдшев.

    асу.

    ебиз ебиз оретйн ощреъ д60 ед70.
    жд бшеш млм ой щшеад бгйсчбшй аъ дъеъз оирсй щорйт рбмеъ щйщбе 30 щрд
    байжд щгд щм айжд шг рч. огдйн!

  6. #6

    бшйшъ озгм ъвебд: обзп дщоп боерйеъ рйе йешч, щръ 1996- фешсн бочеш б-consumer reports july 1996, бтоег 10.

    осчрд тйчшйъ мечз мщоп 27 щрйн мдъййчш фй 4


    Sent from my iPhone using Tapatalk
    мчшру йщ шайд змщд, абм же ма дбтйд щме

  7. #7

    бшйшъ озгм ъвебд: обзп дщоп боерйеъ рйе йешч, щръ 1996- фешсн бочеш б-consumer reports july 1996, бтоег 10.

    цйиеи рлъб бочеш тм йгй рошег цфйд бдегтд
    адег щйн чйщеш мочеш.
    лое щлъбъй бщшщеш дщрй айп мй аъ дочеш, аъ дичси джд оцаъй айфщде байжд фешен щцйии аъ доаош дочешй.
    доаош дочешй дъфшсн бвймйеп джд:

    Click image for larger version. 

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  8. #8
    ордм фешен рошег's Avatar
    ъашйк дцишфеъ
    Dec 2002
    ойчен
    точ йжштам
    дегтеъ
    33,894

    бшйшъ озгм ъвебд: обзп дщоп боерйеъ рйе йешч, щръ 1996- фешсн бочеш б-consumer reports july 1996, бтоег 10.

    черсеош шфеши жд ма фшсен огтй, тгййп отрййп.
    айерйч 5 | в'йф CJ-7 1979 | дйймчс 2015
    дйе: в'йф XJ ц'шечй 1994| дйймчс 2008| дйймчс 1997 | в'йф CJ-8 1989 | соешай 1988

  9. #9

    бшйшъ озгм ъвебд: обзп дщоп боерйеъ рйе йешч, щръ 1996- фешсн бочеш б-consumer reports july 1996, бтоег 10.

    бдзми ма фшсен огтй,
    евн дщорйн щдещее, лемн рзщбйн айлеъййн.
    йщ дшбд рчегеъ бобзп джд щайрп шмеерийеъ бочшйн азшйн щайрн оерйеъ щтещеъ отм 50k чо бщрд,
    айп овееп оретйн еле'.
    абм тгййп йщ ъебреъ отрййреъ.

  10. #10

    бшйшъ озгм ъвебд: обзп дщоп боерйеъ рйе йешч, щръ 1996- фешсн бочеш б-consumer reports july 1996, бтоег 10.

    цйиеи рлъб бочеш тм йгй щтйш бвб"б цфйд бдегтд
    ебиз ебиз оретйн ощреъ д60 ед70.
    жд бшеш млм ой щшеад бгйсчбшй аъ дъеъз оирсй щорйт рбмеъ щйщбе 30 щрд
    байжд щгд щм айжд шг рч. огдйн!
    аъд вреб ъвйг мй?
    дъелрйъ щме бгйсчбшй жд лмен мтеоъ дтшех дочешй щме - азг дтшецйн длй иебйн бйеийеб, течб азшйе лбш лод щрйн, мгйсчбшй деа дцишу мфрй зцй щрд маеш ддцмзд щме (бщръййн дазшереъ тмд о200 еощде аму течбйн мотм омйеп езцй)
    оеомх бзен вгем, двшсд щм гйсчбшй озеейшд мйге

    https://www.youtube.com/@ViceGripGarage

  11. #11
    збш шщен
    ъашйк дцишфеъ
    Jul 2011
    ойчен
    йтш ъ"ч дфшсаеъ
    дегтеъ
    598

    бшйшъ озгм ъвебд: обзп дщоп боерйеъ рйе йешч, щръ 1996- фешсн бочеш б-consumer reports july 1996, бтоег 10.

    гбш шащеп лп арй вреб иешбе!
    гбш щрй ма длшъй аъ дтшех щме бйеийеб.
    арй вреб тм дшащ щм дбп агн щма отрййп аеъе щйфецйн омеччйн
    ама ълмс мчзъ рбмд вессъ емдзйеъ аеъд блмен лсу (щн б USA, фд вн жд дйд темд деп).

  12. #12

    бшйшъ озгм ъвебд: обзп дщоп боерйеъ рйе йешч, щръ 1996- фешсн бочеш б-consumer reports july 1996, бтоег 10.

    арзре боежйаеп дишчиеш тещйн гбшйн ламд бгйеч
    йен йен лбш 20 щрд .

    азъ дбгйзеъ щмре аеошъ бгйсчбшй жд мечз зцй щтд тн фшсеоъ
    ебоцйаеъ дочцетйъ жд мечз лод зегщйн бочшд чм ейлем мдвйтд млод щрйн
    бщйфех оешлб.

    длсу деа ма дбтйд
    змчй зймеу вн дн ма дбтйд
    дбтйд дошлжйъ дйа зесш ббтмй очцет аойъйн . йщ ъдмйлйн илрйн щрлзге одтемн . ( збм )

    ****************************
    йщ ламд щжйде афщшеъ мййцш длрсд лсфйъ о ойсзеш ъдмйк дщйфех
    елазг щолйш аъ жд очшеб бтмй дочцет даойъйн семгйн щма рвйг ма ощъфйн фтемд
    тн дфшсен / едлсу джем .

    айцйч

  13. #13
    збш шщен nir.samo's Avatar
    ъашйк дцишфеъ
    Mar 2005
    ойчен
    йшещмйн
    дегтеъ
    1,431

    бшйшъ озгм ъвебд: обзп дщоп боерйеъ рйе йешч, щръ 1996- фешсн бочеш б-consumer reports july 1996, бтоег 10.

    айцйч, ъелм мъъ гевоаеъ мтбегеъ ламд щзсш йгт?
    гееча дйен щмлаешд лм дойгт жойп ейщ сшиеп млм бешв.

  14. #14

    бшйшъ озгм ъвебд: обзп дщоп боерйеъ рйе йешч, щръ 1996- фешсн бочеш б-consumer reports july 1996, бтоег 10.

    цйиеи рлъб бочеш тм йгй nir.samo цфйд бдегтд
    айцйч, ъелм мъъ гевоаеъ мтбегеъ ламд щзсш йгт?
    гееча дйен щмлаешд лм дойгт жойп ейщ сшиеп млм бешв.
    алп сшиерйн бшщъ йщ бщфт ак лое щайцйч лъб - зсшйн тг ма чййойн бтмй очцет щййщое дмлд мотщд аъ доецш .
    оаег чщд моцеа зши ( тн зшйид чербрцйермйъ - ма CNC ) , цйфейй оълеъ ( лшен , рйчм ) , жвв шлб щйифм бзмеп тн ореамд ( ма зщомй ) ,щйфех чшбешиеш оощ ема шч дъжъ режм рйчей , рфзйн , бъй йцйчд мзмфйн ойезгйн етег .
    бйп йъш ъзбйбйй арй ощфх шлбй асфреъ , елйен аъ шеб дцйег йщ мй щмй , аъ дйгт шлщъй бодмк дщрйн баефп тцоай .
    зсш вн фззй шлб аойъййн - ламе щйегтйн мдзжйш мфз аъ дцешд дочешйъ щме бтжшъ фийщ есгп ема т''й ошйзъ иййз .
    бчйцеш - темн демк ертмн

    аймп

  15. #15

    бшйшъ озгм ъвебд: обзп дщоп боерйеъ рйе йешч, щръ 1996- фешсн бочеш б-consumer reports july 1996, бтоег 10.

    арй ма обйп ае ма ожгдд тн аефп дрйсей.
    мчзе оретйн аошйчаййн щбреййн тн рфз вбед едсфч роек, оретй бржйп едзмйфе щорйн бошеезйн ойшбййн щрещчйн аъ ддомцд дойшбйъ щм йцшрй дщорйн 7500 оййм- 12 аму чо) мтеоъ дзмфеъ йеъш ълефеъ щрзщбеъ оевжоеъ бщорйн оегшрййн.

    бгче дфшщй щзйчд азшй 100 аму чо ема оцае дбгмйн.
    ргод мй щвн дъфтме щн щма оцае дбгм бйп 5-30 м 10-30 ае йъшеп мщорйн сйриийн.
    оод щарй желш щмогъй, ддбгм бйп 5 м 10 лщдн бажеш дроек щм дцойвеъ, шмеерий мдъртеъ чшеъ щдп ма ооафйрй добзп од вн щддбгм баоъ жрйз бцойвеъ евн биофшиешеъ роелеъ ма ййбиа дбгм вгем бодйшеъ жшйоъ дщоп ( оътцм мфъез ибмаеъ).

    тег дъйзсе мщоп сриий-
    йщбъй бщреъ дъщтйн доечгоеъ бдшцаеъ щм йцшрйеъ щорйн оебймеъ щдбйае аж мтемн аъ бщешъ дщоп дзцй едсриий ома.
    мгбшйдн ддбгм дйд бйлемъ мщоеш тм ълереъ дцойвеъ машек ошеезй ийфемйн ашелйн йеъш щже дййъд дгшйщд щм йцшрй дшлб. лйеере мошеезйн щм 20-30 ачо.
    дн ма рйсе митеп тм йлемеъ сйлек оетгфеъ ама шч щойшъ дълереъ щм дщоп мощк йеъш жоп ергод мй вн тойгеъ бод щдн цййре зежч лрвг ШчшйтдШ щрфех боретйн тъйшй йзс дсфч рфз вбедд.

    бщешд дъзъерд бмй мзфеш тег-
    добзп джд бтйрй ма оййцв лоти гбш.

    ащъощ вн бтъйг бщорйн иебйн ебцойвеъ дрлерд.
    лм жоп щарй йлем мбцт дзмфеъ ълефеъ щм тм щрд/10 ачо ащъощ бойршмй.

    бсриий ащъощ боретйн тъйшй смг/ дсфч ае щарй фзеъ озмйу бдп щорйн бълйфеъ.

    оретй гйжм тъйшй рфз ещтебгйн бърайн чщйн лое абч еле, ащъощ бщорйн йтегййн мфшефйм джд щйщ бдн ревгй зйоцеп вбедйн ( TBN- Total Base Number).

    шч мцййп бщемй дгбшйн щмщоп йщ щъй ощйоеъ зщебеъ.

    дчиръ дзйлек едзен.
    щийфъ дорет ощашйеъ щзйчд щвешоеъ мщзйчд оеацъ едщашън бфймиш.


    Sent from my iPhone using Tapatalk Pro

  16. #16
    збш шщен г е ш е п's Avatar
    ъашйк дцишфеъ
    Mar 2003
    ойчен
    ббйъ
    дегтеъ
    24,410

    бшйшъ озгм обзп дщоп боерйеъ рйе йешч, щръ 1996- фешсн бочеш б-consumer reports july 1996, бтоег 10.

    бетж,
    йъшеп ресу мсйриий деа иеез тбегд шзб йеъш, ежшйод одйшд йеъш бдртъ бечш чшд шащерд бд ойшб дзйлек рецш тм йбщ.
    ма зййбйн мдйеъ бамсчд.
    вн ацмре бзешу чш, биз айфд щаъд вш.

    ъжлеш вн щлое щцейп лбш, аме оретйн аошйчайн йщрйн тн ошеезй тбегд вгемйн оаг бйзс мазшйн.

    фтн сйриий дйд йчш оаг.
    бозйшйн щм дйен, оем дйъшеп дйзсй, ма шеад щен сйбд ма мдщъощ бсйриий ома щъеан миеез тбегд щм орет щалфъ мк ооре.
    еожлйш щеб аъ дгйеп доаг отрййп щдйд лап мфрй лод щрйн, тн ръерйн аойъййн тм ддбгмйн бсйлек бйп сйриий мойршмй, биеез тбегд.
    ддрад щбайийеъ..

    "The view of the Hilux from the back, often seen by others on the trail, rarely seen by anyone on the freeway."
    Hary Wagner

  17. #17

    бшйшъ озгм ъвебд: обзп дщоп боерйеъ рйе йешч, щръ 1996- фешсн бочеш б-consumer reports july 1996, бтоег 10.



    жд сшиеп щарй оййцш / йецч ойсбйн морет бп 100.

    афйме аъ зеош двмн щдлйрей дочцетй щме жд ббйи ма рйъп мдщйв башх ( тг мфрй лод щрйн дйд )
    жд аеош щаъ ътшебъ мйцйчд арй цшйк мдлйп мтцой .
    ой йегт айфд йщ арийоеп башх ?

    айцйч

  18. #18

    бшйшъ озгм ъвебд: обзп дщоп боерйеъ рйе йешч, щръ 1996- фешсн бочеш б-consumer reports july 1996, бтоег 10.

    лм дозчш ртщд мфрй 30 щрд, ой аош щоаж ма зм щйрей бдшлб еайлеъ дщорйн?
    доретйн биез дщъре бъчефд джаъ ема биез щрйсей дйен йъп аъ аеън ъецаеъ.

    досчрд доъбчщъ одрйсей дйа: ан аъд рдв оерйъ бщреъ д-90 брйе йешч, щйн айжд щоп щба мк, ъзмйу лм 7500оййм едлм йдйд бсгш.
    лм осчрд бчщш мдйен дйа ма аойъйъ.

    лщарй рлрс тн дв'йф мъзръ гмч, орсйн мсрв'ш аеъй б: "мбгеч щоп ойн?"
    аж арй терд: "айп цешк, дв'йф зщомй" (лщдфйд щм д 95 бъек дойлм..)

  19. #19

    бшйшъ озгм ъвебд: обзп дщоп боерйеъ рйе йешч, щръ 1996- фешсн бочеш б-consumer reports july 1996, бтоег 10.

    цйиеи рлъб бочеш тм йгй boaz avrahami цфйд бдегтд
    арй ма обйп ае ма ожгдд тн аефп дрйсей.
    мчзе оретйн аошйчаййн щбреййн тн рфз вбед едсфч роек, оретй бржйп едзмйфе щорйн бошеезйн ойшбййн щрещчйн аъ ддомцд дойшбйъ щм йцшрй дщорйн 7500 оййм- 12 аму чо) мтеоъ дзмфеъ йеъш ълефеъ щрзщбеъ оевжоеъ бщорйн оегшрййн.

    бгче дфшщй щзйчд азшй 100 аму чо ема оцае дбгмйн.
    ргод мй щвн дъфтме щн щма оцае дбгм бйп 5-30 м 10-30 ае йъшеп мщорйн сйриийн.
    оод щарй желш щмогъй, ддбгм бйп 5 м 10 лщдн бажеш дроек щм дцойвеъ, шмеерий мдъртеъ чшеъ щдп ма ооафйрй добзп од вн щддбгм баоъ жрйз бцойвеъ евн биофшиешеъ роелеъ ма ййбиа дбгм вгем бодйшеъ жшйоъ дщоп ( оътцм мфъез ибмаеъ).

    тег дъйзсе мщоп сриий-
    йщбъй бщреъ дъщтйн доечгоеъ бдшцаеъ щм йцшрйеъ щорйн оебймеъ щдбйае аж мтемн аъ бщешъ дщоп дзцй едсриий ома.
    мгбшйдн ддбгм дйд бйлемъ мщоеш тм ълереъ дцойвеъ машек ошеезй ийфемйн ашелйн йеъш щже дййъд дгшйщд щм йцшрй дшлб. лйеере мошеезйн щм 20-30 ачо.
    дн ма рйсе митеп тм йлемеъ сйлек оетгфеъ ама шч щойшъ дълереъ щм дщоп мощк йеъш жоп ергод мй вн тойгеъ бод щдн цййре зежч лрвг ШчшйтдШ щрфех боретйн тъйшй йзс дсфч рфз вбедд.

    бщешд дъзъерд бмй мзфеш тег-
    добзп джд бтйрй ма оййцв лоти гбш.

    ащъощ вн бтъйг бщорйн иебйн ебцойвеъ дрлерд.
    лм жоп щарй йлем мбцт дзмфеъ ълефеъ щм тм щрд/10 ачо ащъощ бойршмй.

    бсриий ащъощ боретйн тъйшй смг/ дсфч ае щарй фзеъ озмйу бдп щорйн бълйфеъ.

    оретй гйжм тъйшй рфз ещтебгйн бърайн чщйн лое абч еле, ащъощ бщорйн йтегййн мфшефйм джд щйщ бдн ревгй зйоцеп вбедйн ( TBN- Total Base Number).

    шч мцййп бщемй дгбшйн щмщоп йщ щъй ощйоеъ зщебеъ.

    дчиръ дзйлек едзен.
    щийфъ дорет ощашйеъ щзйчд щвешоеъ мщзйчд оеацъ едщашън бфймиш.


    Sent from my iPhone using Tapatalk Pro
    бетж, дтмъй аъ доаош бдощк мод щзрп аош бщшщеш дайерйч мвбй дзмфеъ ълефеъ бшлбй ice. досчреъ щмк зеффеъ мосчреъ доаош, айп итн мдзмйу лм 3000 оййм, осфйч лм 6000.
    ема роца дбгм бйп щорйн лм тег дн теогйн бсиргшийн осейойн. лмеош ма роцае дбгмйн байлейеъ дщоп щдщъъфе ббгйчд. мвбй дщоп дсйриий, лщоебйм 1 дъзйме тн дщоп дсйриий дн итре (бйп дщаш бдшцаеъ щаъд огбш тмйдп) щафщш мдвгйм ошеез дзмфеъ м-25k ч"о. абм, бдощк дн зжше бдн оддцдшеъ даме.
    сд"л ан мслн аъ дрчегеъ дтйчшйеъ одоаош:
    1. айп зщйбеъ моеъв, шч мтойгд бъчрйн.
    2. ошеезй ддзмфд ма цшйлйн мтмеъ тм 7500 оййм, отм жд йщ ржч.
    3. мщорйн сйрииййн йщ йъшеп бърайн чщйн ебиофшиешеъ чйцеп (осъгш тн двйщд щмк моретйн тъйшй бйцетйн)
    4. дъесфйн ма дщфйте, миебд ае мштд (тн дстйу джд арй ма ослйн ллмм, дн бгче шч щрй ъесфйн елршад ма маешк осфйч жоп. мй йщ рйсйеп иеб оаг тн ъесу осейн).
    блм очшд доаош джд айре огтй ема цшйк мдъййзс амйе лъешд осйрй, оцг щрй ма ртщд отемн обзп очйу лм лк бърай щйоещ аойъййн (мфзеъ арй ма олйш) ебжд зщйбеъе. мгтъй йщ бе ъебреъ рлереъ, арй оййщн аъ двйщд щм ай зшйвд оъгйшеъ дзмфд ойрйомйъ лбш дшбд щрйн, езещб щжд длй зщеб.

  20. #20

    бшйшъ озгм ъвебд: обзп дщоп боерйеъ рйе йешч, щръ 1996- фешсн бочеш б-consumer reports july 1996, бтоег 10.

    цйиеи рлъб бочеш тм йгй г е ш е п цфйд бдегтд
    бетж,
    йъшеп ресу мсйриий деа иеез тбегд шзб йеъш, ежшйод одйшд йеъш бдртъ бечш чшд шащерд бд ойшб дзйлек рецш тм йбщ.
    ма зййбйн мдйеъ бамсчд.
    вн ацмре бзешу чш, биз айфд щаъд вш.

    ъжлеш вн щлое щцейп лбш, аме оретйн аошйчайн йщрйн тн ошеезй тбегд вгемйн оаг бйзс мазшйн.

    фтн сйриий дйд йчш оаг.
    бозйшйн щм дйен, оем дйъшеп дйзсй, ма шеад щен сйбд ма мдщъощ бсйриий ома щъеан миеез тбегд щм орет щалфъ мк ооре.
    еожлйш щеб аъ дгйеп доаг отрййп щдйд лап мфрй лод щрйн, тн ръерйн аойъййн тм ддбгмйн бсйлек бйп сйриий мойршмй, биеез тбегд.
    гешеп вн дщорйн дойршмййн дйен дн ма од щдйе фтн, бжлеъ ъесфйн щйщ бдн,
    мощм гевод щарй олйш, меемеемййп йщ бъзен дойршмй айжд 3-4 айлейеъ мфзеъ, лщдвбедд щбдп теогъ блм дъчрйн длй згщйн еозойшйн.
    дан деа фзеъ иеб озцй сйриий ае сйриий? арй ма йегт.
    арй лп йегт щдщоп бгшвд двбедд (еемеемййп E900) оеомх мшлбйн згщйн етгййп темд фзеъ ощорйн сйрииййн езцй сйрииййн.
    арй бочшд олйш лй жд дщоп щбе арй ощъощ (15w-40).

тоег 1 оъек 2 12 азшепазшеп

рещайн геойн

  1. лщфеъзйн аъ долсд щм дщоп дщоп чефх
    тм йгй yonir бфешен фешен сежечй Suzuki
    ъвебеъ: 3
    тглеп азшеп: 20-09-16, 07:29
  2. мзх дщоп бсефд
    тм йгй щ01 бфешен фешен в'йф сефд ешрвмш YJ/TJ
    ъвебеъ: 1
    тглеп азшеп: 30-05-12, 15:41
  3. ойвеп авп дщоп (чшиш)?
    тм йгй бшщщъ бфешен фешен сежечй Suzuki
    ъвебеъ: 10
    тглеп азшеп: 27-06-07, 13:15
  4. сев дщоп бсшрйн !
    тм йгй гшеш99 бфешен фешен в'йф сйчс CJ
    ъвебеъ: 4
    тглеп азшеп: 09-10-05, 09:51
  5. дшлбъ авп дщоп
    тм йгй шфй а. бфешен фешен в'йф сйчс CJ
    ъвебеъ: 8
    тглеп азшеп: 10-10-04, 11:13

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